澳大利亚详细介绍？1、澳大利亚联邦简称“澳大利亚”(Australia)，其领土面积769.2万平方公里，位于南太平洋和印度洋之间，四面环海，是世界上唯一国土覆盖一整个大陆的国家，因此也称“澳洲”。有很多独特动植物和自然景观的澳大利亚，那么，澳大利亚详细介绍？一起来了解一下吧。
英文澳大利亚概况
Australia, island continent located southeast of Asia and forming, with the nearby island of Tasmania, the Commonwealth of Australia, a self-governing member of the Commonwealth of Nations. The continent is bounded on the north by the Timor Sea, the Arafura Sea, and the Torres Strait; on the east by the Coral Sea and the Tasman Sea; on the south by the Bass Strait and the Indian Ocean; and on the west by the Indian Ocean.
The commonwealth extends for about 4000 km (about 2500 mi) from east to west and for about 3700 km (about 2300 mi) from north to south. Its coastline measures some 25,760 km (about 16,010 mi). The area of the commonwealth is 7,682,300 sq km (2,966,200 sq mi), and the area of the continent alone is 7,614,500 sq km (2,939,974 sq mi), making Australia the smallest continent in the world, but the sixth largest country.
The Commonwealth of Australia is made up of six states-New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, and Western Australia-and two territories-the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory. The external dependencies of Australia are the Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands, the Australian Antarctic Territory, Christmas Island, the Territory of Cocos Islands (also called the Keeling Islands), the Coral Sea Islands Territory, the Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands, and Norfolk Island.
The first people to live in Australia, called Aborigines, migrated there about 40,000 years ago. The continent remained relatively unknown by outsiders until the 17th century. The first European settlement by British convicts occurred in 1788 at Botany Bay in southeastern Australia. Australia grew as a group of British colonies during the 19th century, and in 1901 the colonies federated to form a unified independent nation.
澳大利亚的各州及首府
1.西澳大利亚洲:珀斯(Perth) 2.北部地方:达尔文 (Darwin)3.南澳大利亚洲:阿德莱德 (Adelaide)4.昆士兰州:布里斯班(Brisbane) 5.新南威尔士州:悉尼 (Sydney)6.维多利亚州:墨尔本 (Melbourne)7.塔斯马尼亚州:霍巴特(Hobart) 8.堪培拉 (Canberra)
想介绍澳大利亚是一件很困难的事情. 关于这个国家, 没有任何可以用文字表达的东西, 我们所能够描述的诸如名胜古迹, 历史遗产, 以及舒适的生活, 快速发展的经济等等之类的东西似乎都没有.
那么澳大利亚是否就是一个什么都没有的国家呢? 答案明显是否定的. 那些超越了语言和文字所体现出来的, 才是真正的澳大利亚.
例如, 著名的艾尔斯岩, 整体高348米, 周长9.8公里, 这么一块硕大的岩石存在于沙漠中; 大堡礁, 由长达2千多公里的珊瑚礁连成, 350多种珊瑚, 1000磅的黑枪鱼, 700多个岛屿, 1.5万年的历史......对于它们, 我们应该怎样用文字去表述呢?
例如, 作为一个世界上罕有的占据整个大陆的国家, 一个原住民仅有1.5%的国度, 一个拥有140余国民族而彼此都能融洽相处的王国, 我们应该怎样用文字去表述呢?
例如, 在我们看来, 它没有漫长的历史, 没有深远的文化, 然而, 2001年却是澳大利亚建邦100周年; 它只有1800万人口, GDP却位居世界第14位; 对此, 我们应该怎样用文字去表述呢?
每时每刻, 它都在变幻的光与影, 无法形容的色彩变化, 干燥的空气, 以及那苍茫的广阔世界所交织而成的人间仙境般的景象, 根本无法表达出漏扮来.
每时每刻, 它的活力, 它的创新, 它的开放, 它的锐意进取, 它的人们崇尚自由, 各民族平等相处, 此种景象, 根本无法表达出来.
因此, 请大家记住, 在这片土地上, 同样有人们在居住, 在建设着自己的家园, 在大街上奔驰着汽车, 而所有这些, 仅仅是了解真正澳大利亚的出发点, 我们从无法一一表述的广阔的景色中撷取的极少一部分, 我们从无法一一表述的人们安居乐业的繁荣景象中撷趣的极少一部分.
自然风光不会因人的意志而改变, 它客观的存在着. 有人曾经说过, 自然风光让人更清楚的认识自己.
在这里, 当我们踏上新的旅途, 开始新的生活, 我们将与周围的景物融为一御迟体, 与身边的社会返拆灶融为一体, 与新的工作和朋友融为一体.
茶�拇蟮厝媚�惺芾寺?font face="Verdana">, 蓝色的大海让您忘却时间, 这里, 将是只有您的南半球.
Australia, island continent located southeast of Asia and forming, with the nearby island of Tasmania, the Commonwealth of Australia, a self-governing member of the Commonwealth of Nations. The continent is bounded on the north by the Timor Sea, the Arafura Sea, and the Torres Strait; on the east by the Coral Sea and the Tasman Sea; on the south by the Bass Strait and the Indian Ocean; and on the west by the Indian Ocean.
The commonwealth extends for about 4000 km (about 2500 mi) from east to west and for about 3700 km (about 2300 mi) from north to south. Its coastline measures some 25,760 km (about 16,010 mi). The area of the commonwealth is 7,682,300 sq km (2,966,200 sq mi), and the area of the continent alone is 7,614,500 sq km (2,939,974 sq mi), making Australia the smallest continent in the world, but the sixth largest country.
The Commonwealth of Australia is made up of six states-New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, and Western Australia-and two territories-the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory. The external dependencies of Australia are the Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands, the Australian Antarctic Territory, Christmas Island, the Territory of Cocos Islands (also called the Keeling Islands), the Coral Sea Islands Territory, the Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands, and Norfolk Island.
The first people to live in Australia, called Aborigines, migrated there about 40,000 years ago. The continent remained relatively unknown by outsiders until the 17th century. The first European settlement by British convicts occurred in 1788 at Botany Bay in southeastern Australia. Australia grew as a group of British colonies during the 19th century, and in 1901 the colonies federated to form a unified independent nation.
我来了~~~~~~~~~
Australia: An introduction
In land area, Australia is the sixth largest nation after Russia, Canada, China, the United States of America and Brazil. It has, however, a relatively small population.
Australia is the only nation to govern an entire continent and its outlying islands. The mainland is the largest island and the smallest, flattest continent on Earth. It lies between 10° and 39° South latitude.
The highest point on the mainland, Mount Kosciuszko, is only 2228 metres. Apart from Antarctica, Australia is the driest continent.
Australia is the driest inhabited continent on earth. Its interior has one of the lowest rainfalls in the world and about three-quarters of the land is arid or semi-arid. Its fertile areas are well-watered, however, and these are used very effectively to help feed the world. Sheep and cattle graze in dry country, but care must be taken with the soil. Some grazing land became desert when the long cycles that influence rainfall in Australia turned to drought.
The Australian federation consists of six States and two Territories. Most inland borders follow lines of longitude and latitude. The largest State, Western Australia, is about the same size as Western Europe.
Natural environment
Australia has a remarkable diversity of life forms seen nowhere else in the world. Australian plants and animals evolved in isolation from other parts of the world. When the super-continent of Gondwanaland split up about 160 million years ago, Australia joined Antarctica and drifted towards the South Pole, where glaciers formed a barrier between it and other land masses.
Over the past 45 million years, Australia has moved away from Antarctica towards the equator and become warmer and more arid. About 35 million years ago, eucalypts began to displace the dense forests of the cool, damp Tertiary era.
Today Australian eucalypts account for more than half of all eucalypts found throughout the world.
The marsupials native to Australia have a different chromosome structure than mammals in other parts of the world. Typically, they suckle their young in a pouch.
Like the eucalypts, marsupials occupied a wide range of ecological niches in Australia. The first kangaroo marsupials seem to have appeared about 15 million years ago. They vary enormously in size and adaptation. A species of tropical kangaroo lives in trees, but most kangaroos are tough, efficient users of dry bush.
As the world climate warmed and glaciers melted, oceans gradually rose to their current level and the land bridges to New Guinea and Tasmania were cut. Corals colonised a flooded coastal plain, forming the Great Barrier Reef of Queensland.
Ancient plants still grow in the wild. Large 'Antarctic' tree ferns are common in damp, shaded gullies on the south sides of ridges. Cycad palms form an understorey to tall, silvery spotted gums (eucalypts) along the south-east coast. Rare relics from earlier geological eras are found in small, special habitats, such as desert canyons.
Pressure on native habitats from agriculture and introduced pests like the fox and rabbit have resulted in extinctions of some native species in the past 200 years. Australia now has a strong scientific and legal framework to deal with these issues. Australians care about their unique environment.
History
More than 60 000 years before the arrival of European settlers, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples inhabited most areas of the Australian European settlement in 1788. However, there were an estimated 300 000 Indigenous Australians living on the continent.
Until recently, Western historians focused on early European contact with the Australian continent during the 16th and 17th centuries.
In recent years this approach has been balanced by the recognition that Asian and Oceanic explorers and traders had contact with Indigenous Australian people long before the European expansion into the eastern hemisphere.
After the American War of Independence, Britain looked to establish new penal settlements to replace the north Atlantic colonies. The First Fleet of 11 ships with 1500 aboard, half of them convicts, arrived at Botany Bay in January 1788. Sydney grew from that first British penal settlement.
Transportation of British convicts to New South Wales ceased in 1840, but continued to Western Australia until 1868. About 160 000 convicts arrived over 80 years. That compares with free settler arrivals as high as 50 000 a year.
During the 1850s, settlement was boosted by gold rushes. Scarcity of labour, the vastness of the bush, and new wealth based on farming, mining and trade all contributed to the development of uniquely Australian social institutions and sensibilities.
In 1901 the Australian colonies federated to become the Commonwealth of Australia. As in Canada, the British monarch remains the monarch of Australia, which is now an independent, democratic nation with a tradition of religious tolerance and free speech.
Immigration
Australia's culturally diverse society includes its Indigenous peoples and settlers from countries all around the world.
Immigration is an important feature of Australian society. Since 1945, over six million people from 200 countries have come to Australia as new settlers. Migrants have made a major contribution to shaping modern Australia. People born overseas make up almost one quarter of the total population.
The federal government sets immigration intake numbers on a yearly basis. Australia's immigration policies are non-discriminatory and all applicants to migrate must meet the same selection criteria.
Area and population of Australian States and Territories
State/Territory
Area in square kilometres
(mainland only)
Population *
State/Terr.
Capital
Queensland
1 723 936
3.64m
Brisbane (1.65m)
New South Wales
800 628
6.61m
Sydney (4.15m)
Australian Capital Territory (Jervis Bay Territory)
2 358
(72)
0.32m
Canberra (0.32m)
Victoria
227 010
4.82m
Melbourne (3.49m)
Tasmania
64 519
0.47m
Hobart (0.20m)
South Australia
978 810
1.51m
Adelaide (1.11m)
Western Australia
2 526 786
1.90m
Perth
(1.38m)
Northern Territory
1 335 742
0.20m
Darwin (0.11m)
AUSTRALIA
7 659 861
19.47m
12.41m
Sources: area—Auslig; population—Australian Bureau of Statistics
* Estimated resident population as at 30 June 2001.
Economy
Australia has had one of the most outstanding economies of the world in recent years. As a high-growth, low-inflation, low interest rate economy, it is more vibrant than ever before. There is an efficient government sector, a flexible labour market and a very competitive business sector.
With its abundant physical resources, Australia has enjoyed a high standard of living since the nineteenth century. It has made a comparatively large investment in social infrastructure, including education, training, health and transport.
The Australian workforce has seen many improvements over the last decade, leading to the surge in productivity in the 1990s. The complex and centralised award based industrial relations system has given way to a more decentralised one with many employees working under workplace agreements tailored to meet enterprise needs.
Further information
Australian Biodiversity www.biodiversity.environment.gov.au
National Library of Australia www.nla.gov.au/oz/histsite.html
Department of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs www.immi.gov.au
The Australian Government Treasury www.treasury.gov.au
Further information about other aspects of contemporary Australia
一、澳大利亚简介
1、澳大利亚（Australia），全称为澳大利亚联邦（The Commonwealth of Australia），是一个发达的资本主义国家。
2、1788年至1900年，曾是英国的殖民地。1901年，殖民统治结束，成为一个独立的联邦国家。澳大利亚一词，意即“南方大陆”，欧洲人在17世纪初叶发现这块大陆时，误以为是一块直通南极的陆地，故取名“澳大利亚”，Australia 即由拉丁文 terraaustralis （南方的土地）变化而来。
3、澳大利亚领土面积761.793万平方公里，是南半备者球经济最发达的国家，全球第12大经济体，全球第四大农产品出口国，也是多种矿产出口量全球第一的国家被称作“坐在矿车上的国家”。
二、地理位置
澳大利亚地图澳大利亚（Australia）位于南太平洋和印度洋之间，由澳大利亚大陆和塔斯马尼亚岛等岛屿和海外领土组成。它东濒太平洋的孙手珊瑚海和塔斯曼海，西、北、南三面临印度洋及其边缘海。是世界上唯一一个独占一个大陆的国家。
三、地形
澳大利亚的地形很有特色。东部山地则滚嫌，中部平原，西部高原。全国最高峰科修斯科山海拔2228米，在靠海处是狭窄的海滩缓坡，缓斜向西，渐成平原。
以上就是澳大利亚详细介绍的全部内容，一、澳大利亚简介 1、澳大利亚（Australia），全称为澳大利亚联邦（The Commonwealth of Australia），是一个发达的资本主义国家。2、1788年至1900年，曾是英国的殖民地。1901年，殖民统治结束，成为一个独立的联邦国家。
